URDU RESEARCH : ارمغان

Syed Raza Ali Wehshat Kalkattavi’s Diary: Discovery and Introduction

Bibi Ameena — 2023-06-13

This paper brings out and introduces the ‘biaz’ (diary) of early twentieth century Urdu and Persian poet, Syed Raza Ali Wehshat Kalkattavi. Kalkattavi was born in Kolkata and was a protégé of Shams Faridpuri who was Dagh Dehlavi’s pupil. His classical poetic style was inspired by the nineteenth century Urdu poet, Ghalib which earned him the titles such as ‘Ghalib-i-Saani’ (The Second Ghalib) and ‘Ghalib-i-Dauraan’ (Ghalib of the Time). His work as a teacher and poet of Urdu and Persian was also recognized by the British with the conferment of the titles of “Khan Sahib” and “Khan Bahadur”. As the paper shows, the diary under study includes 178 pieces in verse, out of which 43 are unpublished. We have analyzed the macrostructure of the diary by tabulating its details and briefly analyzed its themes.

“Nau Lakhi Kothi”: A Narrative of the Cultural History of the United Punjab

Ghulam Farida — 2023-06-13

Ali Akbar Natiq is one of the prominent contemporary Urdu fiction writers. His novel “Nau Lakhi Kothi” is a vivid cultural narrative of post colonial Indian Punjab. This novel describes the history of a certain era. The common (Hindu-Muslim) civilization and culture of Punjab presented in the novel seems to be the legacy of a particular class. The author's attachment to this civilization is also a subconscious motivation. The cultural harmony of the novelist presents the post colonial attitude of this era in a very changed form. A whole new perspective has been created. William’s attitude towards the natives is conciliatory and sympathetic. The author has tried to cover the social, political and intellectual attitudes of this period along with summarizing the cultural history of the entire period.

Traitors of Abdullah Hussain

Asmat Zahra — 2023-06-13

Abdullah Hussain was a renowned Novelist in Urdu fiction. He proved himself as trend Setter in style as well as in themes. He wrote with his intellectual depth about colonization, imperialism, migration and corruption. His novels look like a commentary of a sensitive artist on the frustration, aspirations of common people who become victim of corrupt system. He has deep insight in the study of social classes of post-colonial era and has portrayed successfully the changing social class system. He also depicts the Complex relationships and clashes among different sects of society. He condemns strongly the cruel upper class who has become the agents of colonialism and snatch mercilessly rights of poor people. Abdullah Hussain calls them traitor. He is a true critic of injustice and sectarian discrimination.

Fatima Hasan’s Intellectual and Creative Diversity (In the Mirror of Prose Writings)

Rafia Malik — 2023-06-13

Fatima Hassan is a representative writer of Urdu literature. She made a name for himself criticism and fiction. Many concepts of woman are revealed in her writings. While she have also made human psychology a subject according to the modern era. Fatima Hasan has the distinction of portraying the feelings and emotions of a woman with great creativity. The researcher has analysed her fiction in perspective of feminism.

“Garan” Feminist Material of Consciousness

Saira Mumtaz — 2023-06-13

Tahira Iqbal is an important contemporary novelist. In the current era, there are different angles to reading fiction. This paper examines the new themes presented in the novel genre by taking into account the same critical theories. Tahira Iqbal is an important name in this paper, her novel Grand has been researched and critically evaluated in the context of feminine consciousness.

Contemporary Perspectives Of Literature: A Post-Colonial Study Of Shaukat Siddique’s Novels

Jawaria Zafar — 2023-06-13

After the war of independence in 1857, as a result of the political dominance of the British over the Indian subcontinent, the cultural values that has been stable for centuries disappeared. And on the other hand, the political and social structure suffered defeat. In these circumstances, literature emerged with a new form and structure; the novel is also the creation of this Era. After the establishment of Pakistan, i. e, in the post-colonial period, the literary traditions that emerged. They were not entirely devoid of the traditions of the past, Rather interpreter of the problems arising from within the society. The literature created in this situation sometimes presents resistance against the colonial attitudes. Shaukat Siddiqui’s Novels reflect the best of social realism, and many new forms of exploitation come to light. In this article, Shaukat Siddiqui’s novels will be studied in the post-colonial context, To see how far the character created in this era were fighting for their survival.

Jilani Kamran’s Poetry: A Beautiful Blend of Poetry and Drama

Irum Saba — 2023-06-13

Jilani Kamran is an important name among the representative poets of modern poetry. His name is very reliable in terms of both new poetry and new criticism. The main axis of his poetry is man and his life. Jilani Kamran is not only the suffering of human life but they have a sense of grief, also know how to describe this grief. Jilani Kamran has given a new direction to the technique of characterization in the new poem. He has used the technique of narration especially in his poems "Bagh-i Dunya, Abi Nimr" and "Naqsh-e-Kaf-i-pa". Dramatic elements are seen in Jilani Kamran's poems. Monologue and dramatic style of speech are also found in Jilani Kamran's poems. Somewhere in the poem, he presents a regular scene before the stanzas which are part of the drama technique. Sometimes there is dramatic self-talk, sometimes narrative technique. In most of his poems, the story runs like a drama. It feels like Jilani Kamran laments the fading civilization with the beautiful combination of poetry and drama.

Khtot-e-Ghalib (Urdu) Mein Maasir Tarikh Kay Nqoosh

Muhammad Rafique — 2023-06-13

Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib was not only a renowned classical Urdu poet but also a great prose writer. Especially his letters are real asset for Urdu language and literature . Ghalib introduced an appealing way in letter writing. He shortened the introductory preambles and introduced a unique style in his letters to tell the story in a nut shell.

After Ghalib, letter writing founded a new way . His letters tell us about the historical and political aspects of that time. When the subcontinent was under British rule and the people were compelled to lead miserable lives. After going through these letters, we find the happening s of that time, as even they can be read in the newspapers. We can say that these letters of Ghalib, are the history of Ghalib’s time. Whenever he corresponded to his friends, he explains everything that was happening around him and the same was demanded from his friends. These letters recall our attention in mid of 19^th century, the political situation of that time.

“Gaye Dino Ka Suragh” By Nisar Aziz Butt (Active Attitude from Political Point of View)

Lubna Naseer — 2023-06-20

Nisar Aziz Butt is a great novelist of his era and cannot be ignored in the history of Urdu literatures- She was awarded the Presidential Medal for Excellence in Performance on 14 August 1995, while Majlis Forough Urdu Literature, Doha awarded him in 2013. Among his famous works are four novels, Nagri Nagri Phira Masafari, Ne Chiraghe Ne Gule, Karwan Award and Darya Ke Sang, while in his autobiography, Gaey Dino ka Suraajh are popular. Nisar Aziz Butt not only attracted the educated class with his writings throughout his life but also set a new path for them, which gave rise to new challenges for the people associated with literature.

In the 'Gaey Dino Ka Suraagh", where the events of the author's life unfold layer by layer, the environment before and after the partition of India, the many colors of the literary, bureaucratic and political chessboard of Pakistan and a sensitive and delicate heart can be seen.

As A Critic In The Light Of His Published Articles Professor Khalil Siddiqui

Saima Abbas — 2023-06-20

Professor Khalil Siddiqui has a well-known and reputed status in Urdu Linguistics. However, as a critic, he has not been recognized for his full meaning and scope. Despite not being too active with participation in the critic circles yet purely on the merit and value of his critiques, he can be rated amongst the finest critics. His various articles on criticism were published in different literary magazines. They all give us an insight into his creativity and vision and leave no doubt in one’s mind that if he had pursued the field of criticism, would have left a deep impact on the Urdu language and would have been at the highest place in it. His published articles on Allama Iqbal and Ghalib showed new dimensions of study for both poets. His replies to the articles of Aain-ul-Haq Fareedkoti are not just observations; instead, clear the fact that he is not only an expert linguist but also has a great vision in the content of criticism. In an essay, he courageously pointed out the negative behavior of Western linguistics toward Muslim Philosophers. Besides all this, his other expertise is that he criticized his own literary works which are remarkable. His writings are not just witnesses to his linguistic skills but also to his par excellence abilities in the field of criticism of literature; both prose and poetry. So his work on criticism cannot be ignored. In this research paper, the published work of Professor Khalil Siddiqui in criticism has been evaluated so that his critical approach can be defined.

Modern Critical Debates: With Reference to Urdu Literature: Environmental Perspectives

Nosheen Qamar — 2023-06-26

It will not be wrong if the twenty-first century is called the century of "Theory". For the reader/student of literary criticism, this period is the period of evaluating literature under Theory. Criticism in literature, which came wearing the cloak of Western terms, has become so rich that it seems useless to study any text without them. In modern critical debates, environmental criticism has emerged as a new theory. Contrary to its contemporary critical debates, it raises new questions by making the Natural environment the subject of deep problems. In the article under review, the theory of environmental criticism will be discussed specially while reviewing the selected critical debates. In this context, Dr. Aurangzeb Niazi’s new book Urdu Adab : Maholeyati Tnazer will be reviewed which is considered to be one of the founders of this new critical theory in Urdu literature.

The beginning and evolution of the tradition of Tele Drama

bakht4 Shameem Munir — 2023-06-26

Drama is the oldest genre of literature, which started from Greece. It reflects people's customs and traditions, civilization, culture, and social problems. This genre, which started from the theater, reached radio, then television, era by era. Evolutionary milestones have been reached Thus, today this genre is developing with full vigor with modern technical facilities, thematic diversity. Social issues thoughts, art, political and Social, civilized, cultural society and periods of television the beginnings and Development of Television Drama are examined, through this article.

Characters of Majeed Amajd’s Poetry in Cultural Context

Zarghona Kanwal — 2023-06-26

The Poet represents the culture and civilization of his era by incorporating his thoughts and ideas into poetry. The poetry of Majeed Amjad occupies a unique portion due to the diversity of thought, themes, and structure in the tradition of Urdu poetry. That is why, the role of poetry is recognized as of paramount importance in all the arts and cultures of the world. In addition to emotional depth, and cultural heritage, the poetry of Majeed Amjad also portrays the living characters of our culture and the beauty of local seasons which is absent in the works of his contemporaries. Majeed Amjad has a unique expression for Urdu poetry. In his lifetime, his poetry could not gain prominence and recognition in literary circles. Indeed he was the forerunner of public culture. His characters are so common that no other than Nazir Akbar Abadi considered them important. The article writer has studied the characters of Majeed Amjad's poetry in a cultural context

Feminine Reference of ‘New Poetry’

Rizwana Naqvi — 2023-06-26

Urdu Literature and Poetry is incomplete without entity of woman character. In Urdu poetry especially in Urdu poem, from old age to modern era the woman character has been revolved in the stinted circle of love and comeliness, Hitherto in the age of Rashid and Meera Jee there came a change and this measured circle became more infinite and diverse but for tremendous and revolutionary change , urdu poem is indebted of ‘‘ New poetry's Lisani Tashkeelat '' . In New poetry's Lisani Tashkeelat woman come infront with the unconventional and informal but full of ideality personage, which unlocks the discolouration of kinship and verjuice in modern life. It reveals the clamour of industrial age and prepetual agony of modern human who is vibrating constantly in the hell of absurdity and unavailingness but this agonising journey is endless and the woman is rudimentary remit of this bane. This visage of woman is quiete novel and single in new urdu poem which not only consolidate the novelity and individualism of New poetry's movement but also guide and influenced the urdu poem and literature indirectly which was devious from the specific circle of this movement. In this aritcle few glimpse of woman character in new poetry's indicent poets are presented, to show how the woman character was single and unconventional from accustomed Urdu poetry and poem.

Reportage of Dr. Fatima Hassan: A Critical Study

Saira Batool — 2023-06-26

Dr. Fatima Hassan is well-acclaimed for her literary works in both genres of poetry and prose, such as, romantic poetry, lyrics, fiction, criticism, research, column and reportage writing. A number of M.A. and M.Phil. levels theses have been written in appreciation of her literary contribution. The hallmark of her entire works is projection of a woman who being very confident, vibrant and dynamic does not suffer at all from any inferiority complex in the chauvinistic society. Rather, she believes in equal footings with men and is fully committed to establish herself and get the recognition she deserves on merit. Her reportages “Aadha Gaon” and “Melay main Gum”, which relate to her two travelogues to Bangladesh and India, are truly representative of an amazing intertwined blend of feministic tendencies and religious inspirations at the same time.

Khalida Hussain Journey of Identity

Humaira Hafeez — 2023-06-26

In Urdu fiction,there are very few women writers, which contributed a bit to giving a women identity through their fiction. Mostley women writers paint women identity in their fiction as society likes and describe. Among few writers a prolific writer Khalida Hussain contributed a lot by her collection of short stories and a novel. Though Khalida Hussain never claim herself a feminist but her reputation and greatness lies in her ability and creativity to paint inner pain of women in a very moderate way. She wrote six collections of short stories and one novel. Here in this paper, we would like to highlight the feminist aspect of her collection of short stories collection named “Pehchan”.

Structuralism Post Structuralism Theoretical Discussions

Shakeel Hussain — 2023-06-26

"Structures, post-structures in two different but modern intellectual systems that seem to be interconnected on many ideological and spiritual levels. Structures give literary texts dignity and a scientific way to read them. Explains the code, symbols and formalities of literary texts at the earliest level. Metaphysics raises questions about text and meaning and offers a study of language and text. The new century is on its way as a cyber-century in which structural metaphysics helps to create new literary discourses by highlighting new directions and possibilities through the symbols and codes hidden in literary texts, combining metaphysics and application. Is providing".

Professor Yousaf Hassan - Active Progressive Poet

Najma Usman — 2023-06-26

This article encompasses Yousaf Hassan’s poetic thought ideologically, he possessed a Marxist approach also practically he has been an active socialist throughout his life. His poetry has really gone well in harmony with his practical struggle. Through his poetry he strikes those exploiting forces, really hard, which have always got huge financial benefit at the cost of hardworking poor class of this world. This very democratic struggle against the ever ruling elite class, is a prominent vein of his poetry. The resourceful rolling class has always been trying to suppress this struggle. Prof Yousaf Hassn’s always raise voice for social justice and humanism. Infect he can be called a modern progressive poet.

Mention of Urdu Ghazal in Sialkot (From Iqbal to Sabir Zafar)

Naseer Ahmad Asad — 2023-06-26

Ghazal is the most prominent type of poetry in Urdu literature.The worldwide Urdu poets have participated in ghazal poetry. Sialkot is the most significant and popular area in poetry of ghazal. Allama Iqbal, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Moulana Zafar Ali khan and Sabir Zafar are world renowned poets who belong to region of Sialkot. A large part of Allama Iqbal's poetry consists of ghazal poetry. Although Iqbal's ghazal subjects are unique from classical and traditional poetry, but classical and traditional way of poetry can be also seen in some places.The style of the poem is also prominent in Iqbal's ghazal. The themes of the poems were also expressed by Iqbal in the ghazal. The style of poetry in Bal-e- Jibril and Zarb-e-Kalim's ghazals is different from the early ghazal poetry .Virtual love can be seen in the early ghazal poetry while real love can be seen in later ghazals of Iqbal.In this research article, ghazals of Allama Iqbal, Faiz Ahmad Faiz and other selected poets of Sialkot have been analyzed with critical and analytical approach.

Ideological similarities between Allama Iqbal and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Javed Iqbal Javed — 2023-06-26

Allama Iqbal and Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad were far-sighted and futuristic thinkers. Both of them gave special importance to the importance and necessity of education in their philosophy. Both of them were well aware of the fact that the welfare of the nation lies in education. He urged to benefit from Eastern education as well as modern Western education. But education and training of human beings is emphasized. Training is connected with education in the minds of both. Training is the same. They need to be harmonious like life and body. Both were convinced that the purpose of education is not only to get jobs but also to awaken human minds so that they can have the right consciousness and that life. I became self-sufficient and their moral and social development also flourished. It is clear from the writings of Allama Iqbal and Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad that their writings bear a deep resemblance to the religion of love. Both agree that religion reveals all the mysteries and secrets of love.